AADHAR

Aadhaar-in min tihdarh nuaih hma kha chuan sawrkar atanga hamthatna kan hmuh subsidy hrang hrangte hmu tur khan ration card, driving license leh voter ID-te kha a tawk mai thin kha a ni a. Ni mahse la, hun kal zelah he’ng ‘proof-te’ hi a lem siam emaw tihdanglam a awl em avangin a hmang ve lo tawp tur te’n an lo hmang ru ve zuk zuk thin tih hriat chhuah a ni a. Chumi siam thatna atan chuan kum 2009 khan, mit naute zia (Iris pattern, mi maktaduai khat zelah inang teuh deuh pakhat a awm thei an ti!) leh kum 1885 vela  Scotland Yard hnena Henry Faulds-a’n a lo hrilh mihring kut ze (fingerprint pattern) inang awm lo chu mimal identify-na atan rintlak nia hriain he Aadhaar project hi tan a lo ni ta a ni.

Nikum khan Parliament chuan he thil hian, “Dan hmanga thlawptu a mamawh e” tiin Aadhaar (Targeted Delivery of Financial and Other Subsidies, Benefits and Services) Act, 2016 chu a lo pass tawh a. He dan hmang hian Aadhaar chu mimal, company/corporations leh central leh state sawrkar te’n rintlak (authenticated) ah ngaih a ni ta a ni. Chu dan tlawhchhan chuan sawrkarlaipui chuan thuchhuah hrang hrang siam zuiin Aadhaar chu LPG leh Mid-Day Meal scheme-ahte hman ngei ngei ngai a a nih thu a sawi leh ta a. Chu bakah kumin kumtir lam khan Parliament chuan Income Tax Act, 1961 amend nan Finance Act 2017 chu pass-in chu dan hnuaiah chuan Income Tax leh PAN atan pawh Aadhaar chu thil tul a lo ni ve leh ta a ni.

Aadhaar number neih tum hian kan thlalak chhe deuh deuh, fingerprint leh mit naute pahnih scan-nate, kan pian-murna leh khawsakna kimchang, pian ni leh thla etc. te chu Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI) hnenah kan theh lut sup sup hlawm a ni a. Chu Aadhaar number, pian-murna leh tisaa chhinchhiahna awm (biometric) information-te chu Central Identities Data Repository-ah kawl tha ta ruih mai a ni.

India ram hian Aadhaar Act, 2016-in tlem a nei tih loh, privacy data lak khawm himna (security) lam dan a lo la nei mumal reng reng lo zui a ni awm a. Aadhaar Act 2016 erawh hi chuan UIDAI-a thawk officer-te chu mi identity information an kawl chu tu hnen maha tihchhuah a phalsak loh bakah mimal leh mimal inkarah pawh he information hi inhmansak phal a ni lo. Hei bakah hian mi Aadhaar number, fingerprint leh mitnaute scan-te hi vantlang hmuha inlek chhuahsak vu vu theih a ni lo bawk a, he’ng bawhchhiat hian hremna dan a nei thliah thliah bawk a ni. Chutih rualin he Act hian ram himna a derthawn phah (national security) nia a hriat chuan Court Order angin he’ng information-te hi a phawrh thei thung.

Tichuan tun dinhmunah hian India mipui vaibelchhe 125 zinga mi vaibelchhe 111 velin Aadhaar Card hi an nei tawh chungin he thil hian Constitution a kalh em, dan lamah enge a dinhmun tih zawhna a la awm ta reng tho a. Kar hmasa Supreme Court thutlukna khan eng emaw chen chu sawi fiah mahse, zawhna dang tam tak a la awm awl lo a ni.

A chinchhuak hre lo chunga mimala ka lo vei ve deuh, Constitution Article-21 hnuaia, “Right to life and personal liberty” hi Aadhaar hian a khawih em tih chungchang hi mi paw’n an lo vei ve tho a ni awm a, Petition-te an lo theh luh chur chur tawh reng a ni. Hemi behbawmah hian nikum hmasa daih tawh khan thil chi hnih, “Right to privacy hi fundamental right a ni em?” tih leh, “A nih chuan he right hi Aadhaar hian a kalh em?” tih ngaihtuah turin Supreme Court chuan Judge pathum ruat a lo rawt tawh a. Mahse tun kum 2017, June thla thleng hian ngaihtuah chu sawi loh, a Judge-ate pawh ruat an la ni ta chuang lo.

A dang lehah chuan dan hnuaia Citizen ten an dawn tur dawnga, an hmuh tur an hmuh nan Aadhaar hi thil ngai ngei ngei a ni em tih pawh hian beih (challenge) a hlawh ngang mai. Hemi chungchangah hian Supreme Court chuan kum 2015 khan “Ngei ngei lam a ni lo a, sawrkar Scheme pasarih- ration buhfai, khawnvartui, Gas, MGNREGA etc. atan bak a ngai lo” tiin Interim Order a lo chhuah tawh a. Hemi kal zelah hian Parliament chuan Aadhaar Act, 2016 siamin eng scheme scheme emaw tana Aadhaar chu thil tul a nih thu notification pawh a chhuah leh a; hei hi Petition siama challenge leh nghal niin thutlukna erawh nghah mek a la ni hlawm.

Thla liam ta lamah khan Parliament chuan Income Tax Act 1961 hnuaiah Income Tax leh PAN Card neih nan Aadhaar chu thil tul a ni a ti leh ta a. Hun tiam chhunga Aadhaar leh PAN Card link lote phei chu an PAN Card chu thia (invalid) ngaih a ni ang tiin hei hian PAN Card lem tam lutuk leh chhiah awl etc a veng ang a ti a. Hei ve leh hian, “He thil hian mimal fundamental right, a bikin Constitution-a “Right to practice any profession, trade or business” leh “Right to equality-te” a bawhchhia tiin mi thenkhat chuan Petition an theh lut leh nghal zat bawk a ni.

Hei bakah hian buai dang a la awm a, Parliament-in Aadhaar Act 2016 a pass dan hi a felhmul lo niin sawi a ni. Lok Sabha chauha an put luh thin Money Bill, sawrkar chhiah lak chungchang leh sum hman dan (Taxation leh Expenditure) kaihhnawih lo thil tam tak a awm laia he Act, Money Bill anga put luh a ni khan sawiselna nasa tak a tawk mek a ni.

Tun dinhmunah chuan Supreme Court hian Income Tax kaihhnawih atan Aadhaar hi thil tul a ni a, “Right to equality” emaw “Right to practice one’s profession/trade” pawh a kalh lo tih chu a dinna a la ni thung. A khingtu lam erawh chuan, “Mimal leh Company a thliar tho tho a, mimal chhiah pek dan felhlel chauh a huam a ni.” an tih bakah Aadhaar ngeia pawh hi a lem nei thei an awm leh tawh tiin (evidence pawh an nei a ni awm e) chhiah awl etc. a chingfel dawn chuang lo an ti mek bawk. 

Article-21 hnuaia mimal privacy a tihbuai leh buai loh chungchang erawh Court hian Bench lian zawk ruata la ngaihtuah that leh tura a tih avangin PAN Card leh Aadhaar thlun zawm ngei ngei tur tih pawh thu chiang a la awm ta chuang lo a,  Aadhaar la nei lote an thaw huai awm e.