KHAWVEL INDOPUI THLENTU SERBIAN TLANGVAL GAVRILO PRINCIP)

KHAWVEL INDOPUI THLENTU SERBIAN TLANGVAL GAVRILO PRINCIP

- Marvin Shaney

          Kum 1914 Nipui khaw nawm lâia ni a, Kiel Tui Kawng hawnna a kalte chu an hlim kher mai. Mahse, chutihlaichuan, chanchin thar râpthlâk em em, June 28 (1914) khan Austria-Hungarylal tupa, a aiawhtu tur Franz Ferdinand leh a nupui Czech mi (Countess) Sophie Chotek chu Bosnia khawpui pakhat Sarajevo-ah misualin an kâp hlum tih thû chuan a rawn dêng a. 

          Chutihlaia-mi thil chinchang in-tihre pha deuh chin chu an ngui nghal rawih maia ni. Ferdinand-a te nupa kâphlumtu hi Serbian tlangval, kum19 mi Gavrilo Princip-a a ni a. Hemi ni-a a thiltih hian kum zabi 20-na chu a chawk buaiin a tidanglam nasa hle a. Amahpawhin khawvel hi kum sawmriat chhung zet indona mualah hruai lûtin, mihring maktaduaih za têlin an thih phah dawn tih a hre pha hauh lo vang.

          He tlangval thiltih a vanga khawvel danglam nasat dan tlêm tê chauh kan sawi dawn a. Chumi hmain he tualthahna thlen lai vela Europe khawmualpui boruak kha han sawi hma thuak thuak ila a tha awm e.

          Kum 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War atangin German hnam chu inzawm khawmin Germany ram chak tak maiah a lo ding chhuak a. Amaherawhchu, an ram zawm khawmtu ber Prince Otto Edward Leopold von Bismark-a chuan Europe rama Germany ram chak tak mai din bâk chu indona râpthlâk zawk a chhuak thei tih hriain, khawvel ram danga hâk tih zauh vak a tum lem lo va. Ahun chhûng kum 19 khan Europe-ah Germany a hausa ber a, a chak ber bawk. Chutihlai-chuan, France sawrkar erawhchu a chak lo em em thung a. 

           Franco-Prussian War-a an ram hlohte chuan an rilru a tinâ a, lâk lêt leh mawlh an duh a. Indopui Pakhatna tir lama an tum ber pawh kha a ni ta reng a ni.

          Bismark-a chuan, "Germany chu Europe ram dangte tan a hlauhawm lo ve", tiin France tih loh chu remna a siampui hlawm a. Amarawhchu, kum 1888 khan a ngaihdan tawmpui ve hauh lo-tu William II-an Germany lal thutthleng a rawn luah a. Kum 1890-a Bismark-an politics a chawlhsan hnu chuan Europe boruak chu a rit tan ta hle a ni. William II chuan Germany in Europe ram dangte ang bawkin khawvel-ah ram a zauh thiang tih apuang a. Lawng rual tichakin, sipai a lâk belh teuh a. Bismark-an indo lo tura Russia remna a ziahpui te chu a ngaihsak duh lo va. A tawng chaltlâi ta hle mai a ni.

          Hetia Germany lo pawr-thar ta hi British sawrkar chuan an huan pal rawn thiat thei ani tih hriain a lo uipui tui lian thlir mai mai hauh lo.

         Indona a chhuak thut thei tih hriain Lawng tha zawkte a tuk belh bâkah, a sipaite a thuam tha sauh sauh a. Tin, William II-a fiamthu duh dan en in, a ngaih a tha thei lo va. Chuvangchuan, khawvel hmun danga a lei do, France sawrkar chu an buaina dah tha in, inrem na entente-cordiale a siam pui a. Germany laka vui thar Russia zawl thluin, France nen an pathum chuan Triple Entente an din a. Germany leh a sangawizawnpui ten Triple Alliance an din bawk a. A fawhkaiawm se indona meipui alh thut thei reng a ni. Kum 1908-a Creme an Indona avangin Austria-Hungary chuan a chakna a hloh nasa hle tawh a. Chutihlaiin, Europe khawmualpuiah mahni ram vohbikna rilru leh thenawm ramte aia chak loh bik hlauhna a lian sawt em em bawk.

           Kum 1911-12 velah te chuan, thû leh hla a indona ri a ring tawh hle a. An invau deuh chhur chhur reng mai a ni.

          Kum 1913-ah phei chuan ralthuam lama intlansiak na chuan a vawr tawp a thleng tak meuh meuh tawh a ni. Germany chuan sipai 870,000 thleng neih theihna dan an siamthar a. Indo lawng leh Tui hnuai Lawng a nei thar teuh a. Russia chuan sipai pension hun tur a pawhsei bâkah, sipai 1,200,000 anei bawk a. France sawrkar pawhin, sipai tan hun kum hniha tangin kum thumah a pawt sei a. Sipai 656,000 lai a nei bawk. British tih loh Europe ram dang, 'kei ka ni' in ti-ho chuan mipa kum19-20 bawr vel chu tihluihna in (constrip) sipai an tantir vek nghe nghe a ni.

           Indo lo chhuak thut se an sipai chêt vel dan tur pawh an duang thui khawp mai. Germany leh France-te chuan darkâr 48 chhungin an sipaite chu indo turin an peih hman vek thei turah an inngâi a. Austria-Hungary leh Russia-te erawh chuan ni 4/5 vel duhin an inngai thung. British erawhchuan, lei sipai a ngah lo va, a neih chhun zahve zet chu India ramah a dah a. A la bâng zahve dang pawh khawvel hmun hrang hrangah a dah darh a ni. Tin, boruak ti tang lehzual turin, kum 1906 khan France sawrkar laka hel Morocco-ho chu Germany chuan a lo tanpui ve a. Buaina lian zawk chhuah phah em lovi'n, Spain ram khaw pakhat Algeciras-ah an inbe rem thei hram a.

           Mahse, kum 1911-ah Germany chuan Morocco-hel ho chu a pui leh ngat a; Chung-techuan, boruak a tilum nasa hle a ni. Tin, hemi kum vêk hian Italy chuan Africa khawmualpui hmar lama Otto-man Empire tar chau lam ram bung thenkhat chu aluah luihsak bawk.

           Kum 1913 khan France ramin president thar M.Poincare an nei a. Anmahni hawtu ni-a ngaiin German-ho chuan an lo huphurh nghal em em ringawt mai bawk a. Tin, remchang awm se Germany sawrkar mi lian leh sipai hotu te chuan an chak zia entir an châk a, an ram chu khawvel awptu ni thei turah an dah bawk a. Boruak a tang khawp mai. Hetiang hi Europe khawmualpui boruak chu a nih avangin engemaw hlek a intualvuak vak thei an ni reng a ni.

           Austrian lal fapa Archduke Francis Ferdinand-a te nupa thih thu chuan, khawvel a dêng chhuak rang kher mai. Chutihlaia thil chinchang inti hre pha deuh chin chu an thlaphang reng a. An hlauh ang ngeiin Austria lal putar thinur chu a inhrosa dum dum a. Chu tualthahna-ah chuan Serbia sawrkar inrawlhin a hre tlat mai a. Germany sawrkar chakna hmachhuan a inhrosain, 'Serbia ram nikin ni a thleng ta', a ti hmiah maia ni. A beisei ang chuan kum 1908 indo ang bawk khan Germany chuan a ralthuam neih tam leh hausakna hmachhuanin sawrkar lian dang chu a lo vau zam ang a; tichuan, chu indona chu Austria-Hungary leh Serbia inkara indona chauh a lo ni dawn a ni.

          July 23-ah, Austria chuan Serbia chu a ram chhunga Austria ram duh lohna lam chi reng reng chanchinbu leh lehkhabu khap turte, sawrkar hnathawk leh zirtirtu te pawh Austria sawrkar demna lam chi chhakchhuak thin-te chu ban veka, Sarajevo-a Serbian police pahnih hming an pêkte Austria kuta hlan a, Austria police-te chu misual hnu chhuitir turin a hrilh a. Darkar 48 chhûnga a chhanna peih turin a ti bawk a. July 25-ah Serbia chuan Austria thil phût chuan zawm vek theih loh thu a puang a. Austria lungawi lo chuan, Belgrade atanga a palai kokir in, ramri-ah sipai a chhêk nghal a. Hetihlai hian, British Foreign Secretary, Sir Edward Grey-an remna zawnga Germany, France, Italy leh British te chu, 'Dawhkan khat kilin, inbiak nise' tih a rawt chu Germany chuan a hnawl fithla a.

           A tuk leh lawk July 28-ah, Austria chuan, Serbia do a puang a. INDOPUI PAKHATNA chu a lo chhuak ta a ni.

           Russia chuan Balkan vela Austria/Hungary lian zel tur chu duh lovin, Serbia a puih tur thu apuang a. Hetih-laia Russia lal Tsar-a leh German lal William II-te kha inthian tha tak mai an ni a. William-a phei chuan Russia chu lo inrawlh ve lo turin vawithum zet thirhrui a han thawn hman a ni.

           Mahse, Tsar-a chuan Germany chu remna daltu berah a puh tlat mai si a. Dik inti ve ve chuan August 1-ah indo an puang a. August 3-ah France-in Germany do a puang a. A tukah British leh Germany-in indo an puang veleh bawk a. Ahnu kum thum 1917 April 6-ah, USA-in Germany do a puang leh a. Tichuan, Indopui Pakhatna chuan a vawrtawp a thleng chho ta a ni.

 

           He Serbia tlangval kum 19-mi lek thiltih avanga indona hian, kum li zet awhin kum 1918 November 11-a remna an ziah khan, Silai ri a reh fel chauh a ni. Indona hi tâwp ang chuan lang mahse; tlâwm zawkte rilru-ah, hliam dam thei lo a siam a. Chu-chuan, indona rapthlak zâwkah ahruai lût leh ta a ni. An inremna ang chuan tunhma a ram ropui leh hausa mihring maktaduaih 31 awmna, Austria/Hungary chu Vienna khawpui bul vel mihring 6,000,000 vel lekah an sâwr zim a. Tun-hma a ram ropui, Turkey pawhin Palestine leh Mesopotamia chu Great Britain kutah a hloh daih mai bawk a. Tin, indo vanga rethei lutuk Italy ramah Benito Mussolini-a a lo lian a. Kum 1922-a Mussolini-a leh a hote Black Shirt -ten Rome khua an lût chu Lalber Immanuela-a chuan tan lo khawh se mipuiin an tawrh nasat dan tur hriain rorelna chu a lo kian tawp mai a ni.

           He indona hi Russia -in atuar ber awm e. Indo laklawh laiin a inhnûk dawk a. Chutichungchuan, mihring 1,700,000 a hloh bâkah, hei aia tam fê an hliam bawk. A retheih phah lutuk chuan, tualchhung buaina tichhuakin, mipuiin an lal Tsar-a chu an paihthla a, communist sawrkar dinin Lenin-a leh Trotsky-a ten hneh takin an awp zui ta a ni.

          Paris khaw dâi Versailles-a inremna an ziah angin, Germany chuan Italy, France leh Belgium hnenah lungalhthei ton maktaduaih tam tak a chawi angai a. Sipai thi chhûngte hnenah pension hlawh a pêk a tul bawk a. Tin, an ram pawisa hlutna lo tlahniam zel nen; Chhangthawp tlawnkhat cheng singthumte a ni a. Ipte-pui kau hawka pawisa an ah-pawhin, tlaikhat bazarna a daih meuh lo a ni. Thalai hna nei lo an tam a, sualna a pung nasa bawk. Mipui beidawng thinur chuan michak nia an hriat National Socialist(Nazi) hotupa Adolf Hitler-a chu an thlang tling ta....

           Versailles inremna a an mualphona zawng zawng khuh tur leh an tlawm hmingchhiatna tihrehleh chu an châk et et mai a ni. Hitler-a lah chuan mipui rilru chawhphur dan chu a thiam ropui si. Tin, indona-ah mipa maktaduaih têl an thih avangin tunhma a mipa hna chauh nia ngaih kha hmeichhia-in an lo thawk lo thei ta lo va. Hmeithai leh fahrah an tam avangin sualna apung a. Mipa an tlêm avangin chi-inthlahna chungchang thlengin sawrkar a inrawlh a tul bawk. Ram thenkhat-ah hmeichhia-in vote an neih theih phah a. Politics leh vantlang nunah hmeichhe dinhmun a sân phah khawp mai.

           Indopui Pakhatna hian, indopui dang a kâwk nghal ruah ti ila a dik ang. America President, Woodrow Wilson-an ‘the war to end all wars’ a tih te chu a dik lo chhiava a ni. Hetihlai hian, indona meipui chhawm nungtu atana tha tak tak roreltu an awm fur mai. Spain ramah dictator General Franco-an ro a rêl a. Tin, Russia chu Hitler-a aia tawngtai tam bik miah lo, mi nunrawng Joseph Stalin-a, Lenin-an a aiawhtu atana a duh loh ber mai chuan hneh takin a awp bet a. Tin, Italy ramah hmanlai Rom ram ropuina din thar leh châka mutui thei lo Mussolini-a chu a vakul lal lên bawk a. Europe mipui mimir hrim hrim zingah Indopui Pakhatna hliam la dam chiah loh avang leh politics haitho avanga inrinhlelh tawnna a nasa em em bawk.

           Hitler-a chuan, German hnamte chu khawvela chi tha ber, roreltu tur niin a ngai tlat a. Juda-ho leh mihângte phei chu a tei thei bau lo. A kawng daltu nia a hriatte chu tuk thlûk hmiah hmiah pawh a pawisa lo va. Chuvangin, a bul tan nan kum 1939 September thla khan a thenawm Poland chu chhuanlam dawrâwmtê tê siam a rûn thutin, Russia nen an inchhang phel ta hmiah mai a. Tichuan, khawvel awm tirh ata indona râpthlâk ber Indopui Pahnihna chu a lo alh chhuak ta hluah mai a ni.

           He indona hian kum rukzet awhin kum 1945 September 2-ah a tawp a. Mihring maktaduaih 55 zet an boral a ni.

         Indo zawh hian Europe leh Japan ramah mipa maktaduaih tel an thih avangin hmeithai leh fahrah an tam a. Mipa an tlêma vangin a awm chhun an to va, khaw thenkhatah phei chuan, 'mipa tan khawlai len ngam a ni mang lo' an ti hial. Hmeichhe hovin an inchuh nasa lutuk a ni mai thei😁 

         Indopui Pahnihna avanga khawvel inlum-lehdan chu tlêma zawng kan han sawi dawn a ni.

         Europe Indopui chu British, France, Holland, Italy leh Germany ten an chhiat phah viau laiin, tunhma lama ram rethei Soviet Union a rawn len phah ta viau thung. Italy chu a tê sawt a.Tun-hma a ram lian ve pawl Prussia chu USSR leh Poland-in an pawtdarh vek a. Independent ram ni thin Estonia, Latvia leh Lithuania te chu USSR-in a dawlh bo daih a. Indo avanga Russia ram zauh belhna chu Sqm 190,000 niin, mihring maktaduaih 25 lai a neih belh hial a ni.         

          Germany chu ram pahnih, East Germany leh West Germany-ah then an ni a. Hnamkhat an ni na a, political system hran vuan an ni bawk a: an-in unau hlei thei lo. West Germany chuan, communist do turin intelligence lam thiam hmingthang, communist ten hluah hluahtu General Reinhard Gehlen-a an nei a. Enthlâkna lam a thiam zia chu.....mi hrilfâk a tling a ni. Tin, East Germany lam pawhin mi fel hmingthang, theihnise, ram tan vawi sawmpathum thi ngam tur, kum 28 lek a nih laia Lt. General kai pha Markus Wolf-a an nei bawk a. Huaisen leh huaisen, thiam leh thiam, fing leh fing inveh vel chanchin chu ngaihnawm tak ani.

          Tin, Europe khawchhak lam ram tênau deuhte chu, communist hnuai-ah an tlu ta vek bawk a. Tunhma lama inthian thate pawh kha an inmelh rum ta fo mai a ni.

          Middle East, Indopui Pakhatna hma lam atang tawh khan, khawvel ram hrang hranga Juda-te chuan ram bik neih duhin aw an lo chhuah dât dât tawh thin a. Europe ram lian deuhte pawhin Uganda ramah khuan Juda-te tan ram bik pêk an lo rilruk tawh a. Mahse, an pi leh pute chena an lo lunglenna ber, Palestina ram lo chuan an lung adum tak tak thei si lo. Tichuan, arûkin Palestina ramah chuan an pêm lût zut zut a. Kum 1917-a British-in Balfour Declaration a puan hnu phei chuan Palestine ramah, Juda mi an lo tam ta hle mai a. Buaina a chhuak ta fo mai a ni.

           Kum 1921 khan Palestine ram luahtu zinga a chi tam ber hotu, Mohammed Amin al-Husseini-a chu a dam chhung atan Jerusalem-a Islam sakhaw hotu-a dah a nj.      

         Ani hi Hitler-a meuh pawh sit rum rum khawpa Juda mi hrim hrim haw em em mai a ni a. He mihring hotu-a an dah hi British thil tihsual lian tak mai, buaina lo intanna pakhat chu a ni ta a ni. Husseini-a hian Judate a huat lutukna lamah Arab mi Juda ngaithei deuh (moderate) ho-te thlengin a phil duh a. Tin, Juda mian pun chak em avangin Arab singtel-in Palestine chu an chhuahsan hum hum bawk. Tichuan, Middle East chu a neitu bera ngaih British pawhin tihngaihna a hre ta vak lo. Arab mi ti-lawm si lo, Juda mite tilawm bawk silovi'n a awm ta reng a. Kum 1939 atang phei chuan British chuan tunhma a Juda mite a duhsakna rilru kha a pu ta mang hauh lo mai a. Chu-chu hriain Juda ram siam tum mi hrat khawkheng Hagana pawl leh Mechachem Begin-a kaihruai Irgun Zvai Leumi -te chuan tharum hmanga Bristish chu Palestine ram atanga hnawhchhuah an tum a. An huaisenin an fing si a, an chimawm khawp mai. He mite pawl aia duh rum mah tur Polish Jews, Abraham Stern-apawl, kum 1942-a Stern-a thih hnu a zuai ta deuh, Stern Gang an tihte phei chuan pawisak an nei map lo.

           Ben Guirion-a chu kum1941 khan USA-a Juda-te phungbawma sawm turin a zin a. USA-a Juda maktaduaih nga zette tanpuina a ram thar din mai theih a beiseina chu a lian sawt a. A kum leh 1942-ah Weizmann-a atir leh a. Hetihlai-hian, mipui rilru-ah, 'Juda-ho tana ram siamsak chu a dik ang em?' tih zawhna a lian hle mai a. Weizmann-a chu theih tawpchhuahin a zuk Campaign leh a. Mirilru pawh a zu hneh hle a ni.

           Hetihlaia America President Roosevelt-a erawhchuan, Juda-ho chu chutihteh-ualin a ngaisang hran lo. New York, Illinois leh Pennsylvania-ah techuan, 'Juda-ho vote apiang an tling' tih ngam khawpin politics-ah huhâng an nei a. Roosevelt -a erawh chuan, Juda-ho vote lopawha tling theiah a inngai thung. Kum 1945 February thla a Yalta Conference a hmang zo haw lamin, Saudi Arabia lal chu a kawm zuai ani awm e. "Saudi Lal nen 5mints kan inkawm khân, lehkha dozens 2/3 thawn aiin thil a fiah zawk" ti thei khawpin Saudi Lal chuan a lo hmin hman a ni.

           Roosevelt-a chu, a hnu lawk April 12-ah thluaka thisen lûtin a thi ta thut mai a. A aiawhtu a vice-president tanglai Truman-a chu politic-ah mi chak ani lo va. Kum 1948 inthlan-ah Juda-ho vote chu a mamawh dawn bâkah Juda-ho chu a lo âwn sa ve hrim hrim a. Chu chuan, Israel ram thar ding turah chuan, ko-ri atu thui ta ber mai a ni. Mi thil chinchang intihre deuh thenkhat chuan, "Roosevelt-a kha dam reng se Israel ram khu a piang kher lo mai thei", an ti hial a ni.

           Kan sawi tawh ang khan, neitu chan chang, British chuan, tihngaihna hre lovin Palestina chungchang chu UNO kutah a dah tawp mai a. UNO-ah chuan an han sawi hova, USA puihna in Israel ram thar din chu an vote tlu ta mai a. America ramah Truman-a chu an sawisel ta sup sup mai le...!! Oil-a sumdawng mi hausa tak takin Truman-a chu an oil lâkna ber Arab-ho pawi a sawi avangin an dem rawn luai luai a. State Department chuan USA chu tluchhe thuai turin a hrilh lawk a. Defence Secretary Forrestal-a phei chuan, America rama Juda-ho chu, natakin lehkha a thawn a ni. 

          Israel chu May 1948-ah a lo ding ta a. Russia chuan British ram zau lutuk tih zîmna a nih avangin, Israel lo ding thar tur chu a thlawp a. British laka buaina lian zawk an siam zel theih nan Czech-ho chu ralthuam lama Israel pui turin a ti bawk a. Khawthlang lam rama sumdawng lian, foreign office leh defense ministries-ho erawh chuan, Israel ram thar lo ding chu an sawisel luai luai mai a ni. France pawhin, Syria chhuhsaktu British runluih nan chauh ralthuam an thawn ve a ni.

          Israel ram thar lo ding chu, tuifinriat-a um hlum vek tumin Arab ramte chuan an rawn rûn nghal a. Hetihlai-hian, Hagana pawl chuan ralthuam hûm tur nei mumal lo sipai 21,000 a nei a. An hmelma Arab-hote chu an lêt engemawzâta tam, ralthuam nei tha zawk an ni. Israel chu nuaibo nghal thei tura an inngaih avangin UNO-in ram a then pawh khan an pawm ve duh loh phah a ni. 

           Mi zawng zawngin Israel sawrkar chu tlu-lehnghal turah an ngai a. Mahse, a ni lo; Arab-ho chu an tlâwm ta duai duai zawk a. Hemi tuma Israel chakna chhan hi America vang ni lovin Russia-in, Czech-ho hmanga ralthuam a supply vang zawk a ni. Arab o tlâwm chuan puhmawh tur zawngin an inhnial nasa a. Lal thenkhatin an tlâk phah bawk. Tin, Palestine hotu Mufti leh Jordan lal Abdullah te phei chu a tir atang tawha inbe thei bau lo, inhaw em em mai an ni. Tichuan, UNO-in ram a thensak pawm duh lo Palestine mite leh Israel sawrkar inkara buaina chu ala reh lo a nih khu....!!

         Sawi tur a tam hle mai. Asia Lam thung Indo zawh hian India chu hmun hnihah a inthen phawk a. Chu-chuan, sub-continent -ah buaina reh thei lo a siam bawk. Indopui Pahnihna avang hian China ramah General Mao Zedong-a pawl communist-hote chuan Chiangkai Shek-a pawl Kuo-min-tang chu China ram atangin Formosa (Taiwan)-ah an hnawtchhuak a. USA-in Chiangkai Shek-a thlavang hi hauh nasa hle lo se chu, um zuiin an nuai zui nek ngei ang.

         Tin, Japan chhuahsan Korea ramah indona meipui arawn alh leh ta thut mai. A hmarlam communist-ho chuan, kum 1950 June thla khan Russia ralthuam tha nei sipai 60,000 zet nen a chhim lam chu an rawn rûn thut mai a. Tlêma tlêmah an mahni puitu sawrkar liante kai thovi'n, indopui dang a chhuak leh thelh ani. He indona-ah hian UNO hmingin ram 22-in sipai an tir a. Atam ber chu US sipai an ni. Kum 1953-ah, an ramri 38 degree parallel chu a ngaiin an kaltir leh hram a. He indona-ah hian US sipai ringawt pawh thi leh hliam 120,000 zet an awm a ni.

         Kum 1955 April 18-ah khan, Indonesia-a Java thliarkar, Bandung khua-ah Asia leh Africa atangin ram 29-in khawmpui an nei a. He khawmpui hi 'Bandung Conference' tih a ni a. Engmah rêlthlûk tak tak awm lo mahse; ram rethei zawk te'n an duh zawng an âuchhuahpui tan na a nih avangin, pawimawh hle a ngaih a ni. He conference-ah hian Indira pawhin, apa chu a han zui ve nghe nghe a. Pu Nehru-a phei chu, a phusa ber pawl a ni.

         Tin, Korea indo lai vel bawk khan, kum 1945-a Japan chhuahsan Vietnam ramah chuan indona meikhu a zâm chiai chiai a. Neitu chan chang in-tiin Japan rauhsan hnu awp leh tum France sawrkarin thapui a rawn thawh a. Mahse, Vietnam chuan mi hrâtkhawkhêng Ho Chi Minh-a leh General Vo Nguyen Giap-a te a lo nei tawh a. Chuvangin, kum 5 zet an in-nuai fê hnu-ah pawh a sawrkar lian zawk France chuan, mahni tualchhung buai nen, an che hlei thei ta der lo mai a. Kum 1954 March thla tawp atangin French ho kulhpui Laos ramri dep ami Diên Biên Phu chu Vietnam hnam pasaltha ho chuan lâk ngei tumin an bei ta a. France lam pawhin tlâwm an tum lo khawp mai. Khawvel sipai tha ber pawla inchhâl French Foreign Legion chuan, thih ngam lu pûin tan an khawh a. Zankhatah sipai 400 zette an thi thin chungpawhin, inpêk mai chu an tum lo. Mahse, thla thum dawn lai an inkhuainuai hnu-ah French sipaiho chu an tlawm a. Tichuan, Geneva Conference thurel angin Indo-China atang chuan France sawrkar chu a inhnûk dâwk a. Rêi tak a lo awp tawh Vietnam chu mualpho ang reng takin a tinsan ta a ni.

          France sawrkarin an chhuahsan hnu hian Vietnam chu a la buai dawn chauh a ni. An ram chu 17 parallel-ah thenin, a chhimlam chu capitalist hnuaiah a awm a. A hmar lam chu communist hnuaiah; N.Vietnam lam chuan, tihluihna a inzawmkhawm tumin tan an la reng a. S. Vietnam chuan mahni mai chuan ding zo dawna an inhriat loh avangin, USA chuan atir atangin a pui char char a. Hei hi President Dwight D. Eisenhower-a political theory pakhat Domino Theory ringtute duh dan a ni, ti ila a sual tam lova'ng. He theory ang hi chuan communist kuta Vietnam hi a tluk ve hlauh chuan ram dang Thailand , Cambodia leh Malaysia-te pawh khi communist kutah an tlu vek mai dawn a ni.

          Kum 1961 atangin USA chuan, sipai lam tanpuina a pe a. Kum 1964-ah phei chuan thlawhna a ruai ta hial a. Kum 1967-ah chuan S.Vietnam chhan turin US sipai 500,000, S. Korea sipai 50,000, Australia sipai 8,000 leh New Zealand sipai 500 S.Vietnam-ah hian an awm tawh a ni. Tin, Japan-in sum leh paiin a lo tawiawm ve reng bawk a. N.Vietnam lam chu a sangawizawnpui leh chawthing barpui Russia leh China-in eitur leh ralthuamin an lo pui reng bawk a. Nasa taka an indo hnu-ah USA chu mualpho dawn lutuka (an mualphotawh hle a) a inhriat avangin, March 29 1973 khan a inhnuk dawk ta a. A hnu kum hnih, April 30 1975 -ah S.Vietnam chu a tlâwm hlen ta a ni. 

          He indona-ah hian N.Vietnam sipai maktaduaihkhat vel thi a chhût a ni a. S.Vietnam sipai 400,000 leh US sipai 47,000 vel an thi bawk. Africa/Europe-ho chin hrep hnu, Africa ramte pawh an indang zung zung bawk a. Africa ramte hi an buaiin an chiri zual emaw tih tur ani. Sawrkar nghet a ding hleithei hlawm lo va. Chu-chuan, dictator lal kha fê fê a ti tam khawp mai.

          Lybia-ah Col. Muanmar Al Qadaffi-a chuan, kum 27 mi lek a nih laiin, an lal Idris-I a paihthla a. Aigupta ramah Col. Gamal Abdel Nasser-an, an lal Faruk-I a paihthla bawk a. Uganda ramah, mi tawrawt Idi Amin a hrâng hle thin bawk. Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Angola,etc-ah te tualchhung buai a rehhlei thei lo va. Tampui mitthi tuarin mihring maktaduaih têl an thi thin. Khawmualpui thlang lama ram tenau zingah sawrkar ain-lehthal zak zak reng bawk. Sipai lalna ram a tam thin em avang hian, 'Land of Generals' ti ten an ko fiam thin reng a ni.

          Kum 1954-ah France-in Vietnam a chhuahsan kan tih kha. Khami kum vêk khan an ram bungkhata an ngaih tho Africa hmar Mediterranean tuipui kama awm Algeria-ah chuan buaina meipui arawn alh leh ta hluah mai a ni. Algeria ram independent sual pawl, FLN-te chuan Europe-ho chu dîm baksak lovin an han thuai ta a. 'Hmeichhia e, naupang e' sawi lovi'n, an hmuh hmuh an rawt ta hmiah hmiah mai a ni. An commander Ramdane Abane chuan, 'FLN pakhat an thih apiangin mingo za zel thah tur' thu a pe a. Algier mi pawhnise, France lam tanga an hriat chu an dîm chuang lo. Atir-chuan, France sawrkar chuan dîm takin a chhang a. A sipaite pawh experience nei lo, tihluihna hmanga a lâk (conscript) deuh hlir a hmang ani. Mahse, FLN chu an chêt nasat tak em avangin kum 1957 January thla atangin Gen. Jacques Massu-a leh a sipai huaisen Ist Regiment Etrangere Parachutis-te chu a tir a. Thuneihna pumhlûm an pe a ni ber mai. 

         Chuta-tang phei chuan FLN nen an in-nunrâwn siak a ni ta ber e. Algeria rama thisen luan nasat zia hi a hmutu-te chuan an hrilfâk a ni. He buaina-ah hian French Foreign Legion-te chu an tangkaiin mi hlauh ber pawh an ni. FLN-te chu an nuai chimit deuhthaw hial a. Amarawhchu, France sipai-te hi an chêt rawva êm avangin, France mite chuan an duh lo êm êm a, 'Indona chu tawp thuai thuai se' an ti hle a ni.

          Kum 1958 ah France chuan, President thar Charles deGaulle-a an nei a. Ani ngaihdan chuan mingo tana colony neih hun chu a tawp tawh a, khawvelin hunthar an chuangkai a ni. Hnehna chang mahse, Algeria chu awp zuizel lova chhuahsan zai a rêl ta mai a. Chutia mahni Lu zuar tak meuh meuha an beih hnu a hnehna an chang ta maw tih hnu-a an hahna zawng zawng ahan thlawn leh tho tur chu, France sipai tam tak ngaihdan a ni ta lo; kum 1961 April thla-ah sawrkar paihthlak tumin an hel ta phut mai a. Heng sipai helho hian Algeria ram chu an thunun hman a. Tlêma tlêmah France ram chu tualchhung indona-in a tuam leh thelh a ni.

          France Foreign Legion hotu thenkhatin 'France mi kan ni lo va, (French Foreign Legion-ah hian French mi tan phal a ni lo va) tualchhung buaina-ah kan inrawlh a tul lo ve' an tih avang leh tihluihna a sipai tang hovi'n hel lam an zawm duh loh avangin sawrkar dinglai chu a tlu lo hram chauh ani.

          Cold War Indopui Pahnihna-in a hrin zpakhat chu, thu leh hla a indona Cold War kha a ni. Indo lai khan, USA leh USSR chu hmelma thuhmun nei an nih avangin an tangrual a ni mai a. Mahse, indo zawh rual khan an inngur nghal chhur chhur mai a ni.

America chuan, Russia do tur leh enthla turin Indopui laia enthlatu pawl Office of Strategic Services (OSS) chu an tilian a, Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) an din a. Russia pawhin, enthlatu hlauhawm tak Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (KGB) a nei bawk a. An inhmuhna apiangah an intukchawrh chawrh a ni ber mai.

           Kum 1950-a Italy ramin thlang tur chu US Intelligent leh Russia Intelligent-te khelmual a ni ta ringawt mai. He inthlanah hian communist-ho chu chak dawnin an lang hial tawh a. Mahse, US Intelligent uisathiam puihnain communist bawih nghawngkawl rit tak mai chu an pumpelh thei hram a ni. Tichuan, Europe-ah leh hmun dang dangah an sangawizawnpuite tanpuia an duh loh zawng sawrkar tihbuai tumin ram ropui pahnih uisathiamte chu an inpel ta zak zak mai a. Buaina a awm hi chuan a serh zinga a mei-ang hlauh an ni.

          Tin, Cold War hian, ralthuam neih ngah leh neih râpthlâk lamah ram hausa a tlantir nasa kher mai. Atom Bomb naran-te chu hlauhawm an tling zo tawh lo va, khawvel tichhe thei hydrogen bomb lian pui pui an paipawn fur mai a ni. Ram venhimna lama an senso-te chu mihring pangngai dam hun chhûnglêt sawmah pawh chhiar sen loh turte an ni bawk.

          Ram hausakârah ram rethei zawkten thei-leh-thei lovin ralthuam an lo intuak ve a, retheih pui ngial ngial an tam hle. Indopui Pahnihna hnu hian, khawvelin hma a sawn nasa kher mai. Tunhma kum zabi sawmhnihna hma lama khawvel hmasawnna nena ngaihtuah phei chuan, indopui hnu lama khawvel hmasawnna hi chu a zuanin azuang a ni ngawt e. Van boruak a thlalem kahchhuah zozai-te leh, hmasawnna tam tak hi indo hrinchhuah an ni a. 'Computer-te pawh hi indopui vanga hmasawn chak lehzual a, tun dinhmun thlengchho ta hi a ni',  ti ila a sual tam lovang.

          Tichuan, kum 1914 atanga khawvel buaina kal zel chu kum 80 zet hnu August 31 1991-a Russia sipai hovin East Germany an chhuahsan khan a lo tawp ta a ni. Indona tichhuaktu Serbian tlangval kum 19 mi lek Gavrilo Princip-a khan a thiltih râpthlâkzia te, khawvel a nghawng thuizia te, mihring maktaduaih tam takin an thih phahzia te, khawvel map a sâwi danglam nasat zia te, a lehlamah science & technology lama hmâ kan sawn phah nasat ziate hi hria se, a thiltih-ah khan a inchhir ang nge, kum zabi 20-na chhunga khawvel history ti danglam vektu a nihna kha a uanpui hle ang tih hi ka inzawt ve fo thin.

         Gavrilo Princip-a (b.July25, 1894, Obljaj, Bosnia) chu tual athah lai khân pawl riat zirlai a ni a. Chutihlai vela rawlrala che thin, sipai officer-ho din Black Hand hnuaia mi rikrâp dan zir tawh, tunhma deuh atang tawha milâr thah châk tlat thin a ni. A hma lawk khan Ferdinand-a te nupa hi Princip-a thian tho Gabrinovics-a chuan thah tumin bomb-in a lo vawm a. Mahse, Ferdinand-a chuan a lo bêng per hman a. Chumi an tlanchhe haw lam chu, Princip-a chuan, automatic pistol-in hmun leh hmun deuh thaw-ah a lo kâp taa n.

          Ferdinand-a chu a hmaiah tak a kâp a. Biak tur a awm lo nghal a ni mai. A nupui Sophie chu a Nghawng-ah leh a dulah a kâp a. An nupa-a tlu dûnin rei lo tê-ah an thi ta a ni. Gavrilo Princip-a chu kum 20 tâng tura tih a ni a. Mahse, April 28, 1918 khan a bân an tanna hliam tuar lovin (?) a thi ta a ni.

    

           Han sawi zêl tâkah chuan, Ferdinand-a te nupa chuan na Car hi a vanduai ve reng reng bawk ani. Ferdinand-a thih hnu hian Austrian sipai General Potiorek-an a lei a. A hnu lawkah he general huaisen hi Valjevo indona-ah a tlâwm a, a rilru na lutuk a ât phah a, a â hlum der mai. Austrian sipai captain pakhatin a lei chhawng a. Thla chan ve lekah lonei-tu pahnih a sû a, a car chu thunun zo lovin Thing a su leh a, a Nghawng ruh atliak bawk. Indo zawhah, Yugoslavia Governor pakhatin a lei leh a. Thla 4 chhûngin vawi li an chetsual pui a, a bân a bulh phah bawk. Puithunna la urhsun mi a nih avangin doctor pakhat hnenah a hralh vat a. Thlaruk hnu-ah, chu doctor chuan a thih phah a. Chumi hnu-ah Lunghlu zuar hausa deuh mai hian a lei a, chu-pa chu a intihlum der a. Chumi hnu-a neitu chu Swiss racing-driver a ni; ani pawhin, a chetsual pui a, a thi bawk. A neitu hnuhnung ber leh vanduaipui hnuhnung ber garage neitu Tibor Hirshfield-a chuan athiante pali nen a car chu an chetsualpui a, a thih phah bawk. Tichuan Vienna Museum-ah an dah a, vanduaina engmah a thlen zuiâwm hriat a ni ta lo.

Source : Click